How parasitic fungi affect plants and animals

There are about 100,000 types of mushrooms

Mycorrhizal fungi or symbionts - soil fungi, their mycelium - mycorrhiza, can exist only with the roots of grasses and trees, forming a symbiosis. Examples, boletus and boletus, as well as chanterelles, mushrooms and others. They grow next to trees, the soil near the tree is riddled with mycelium. Grow exclusively in symbiosis with a tree. Mushrooms are amazing organisms. The facts about the life of mushrooms are very interesting.

Among biological scientists, interest in their abilities is growing. To date, domestic and foreign scientists are doing interesting experiments with the cultivation of mushrooms. They have already managed to achieve small successes in the project - fact No. 1.

Ringworm affects all types of pets, fur animals and rodents.

Statistics concluded that today every fifth person suffers from any fungal infections. And among animals, the percentage is even higher - fact number 4.

general characteristics

Ringworm treatment should be started as soon as possible

• obligate;
• saprotrophs.

smut mushrooms have long been known to biologists. They settle only on higher green plants, feeding on juices. The fungus grows from the smut. It has dikaryotic and intercellular micelles. The shoots of the plant are pierced through with the fungus. Plants affected by smut fungi take on a charred appearance. Animals can also carry spores.

• plant development slows down;
• yield decreases if cereal crops.

To avoid infection of the plant before sowing, competent agronomists process the seeds of cereal crops for the purpose of treatment with special substances.

Ergot familiar to any experienced farmer. She "likes to eat" rye and other wild cereals. Ergot has a second name - these are uterine horns. It was nicknamed so because the affected plant has curved solid formations on the flowers of the spikelet. These formations are called sclerotia. They were named so for the appearance of the body. Ergot grows in oblong glomeruli or trihedral plexuses of mycelium. Their color is black and purple.

Ergot is found on rye, wheat (particularly durum), barley and many other forage cereals.

Sometimes the plant is covered with a white bloom, which is easily erased. The size of the structure of the fungus is not more than 3 cm in length, and up to 6 mm in width. Ergot sclerotia can have a different shape and size. If the flower is infected with spores, then it will soon collapse. Instead of grains, there will be sclerotia on the ear; they will easily overwinter there until spring. To preserve fertility and treat ergot, plants are sprayed with special means.

Polypores. Whoever walked in the forest, then saw the growths on the trees. This is probably the most common type of fungus - the tinder fungus. It belongs to the group of basidiomycetes, growing on wood. The pulp can be fleshy in texture, and sometimes hard. Rarely localized on the soil. The tinder fungus has two body options:

• prostrate;
• hat-legged.

Scientists have found that tinder fungi cause serious damage to the tree. The spore enters the tree, like an obligate fungus, through a wound on the bark and other mechanical damage. Mycelium develops very quickly, so the mycelium affects the entire body of the tree. The period of maturation of the tinder fungus is several years. So the tree becomes brittle and rotten. No longer suitable for processing.

Trutovik

Ergot, tinder fungus, smut and phytophthora cause serious harm to agriculture. Ways to fight are different. It is much easier to avoid contamination of crops than to treat huge fields.

Plants should be kept in optimal temperature conditions for them. Agronomists are also looking for a way to treat crop seeds with pesticides before sowing. An interesting fact is that the shoots of cereals are sprayed with formalin so that the mycelium does not penetrate into them. Get rid of various other ways and means.

Genetic engineers in laboratories are working on breeding varieties that are more resistant to fungal diseases.