Closed lifeboats to choose. Liferafts and shipboard lifeboats

A lifeboat is a lifeboat capable of ensuring the survival of people in distress from the moment they leave the vessel. It is this purpose that determines all the requirements for the design and equipment of lifeboats.

The number of lifeboats on board a ship is determined by the area of \u200b\u200bnavigation, type, ship and the number of people on board. Cargo ships of an unlimited navigation area are equipped with lifeboats that provide the entire crew from each side (100% + 100% \u003d 200%). Passenger ships are equipped with lifeboats with a capacity of 50% of passengers and crew on each side (50% + 50% \u003d 100%).

Figure: Open and closed lifeboats

All lifeboats must:

Have good stability and buoyancy even when filled with water, high maneuverability;

Provide reliable self-recovery on an even keel when capsizing;

Have a mechanical engine with remote control from the wheelhouse; be colored orange.

The lifeboat must be equipped with a compression-ignition internal combustion engine:

The engine must run for at least 5 minutes from the start in a cold state when the boat is out of the water;

The speed of the boat in calm water with a full complement of people and supplies must be at least 6 knots;

The fuel supply must be sufficient to run the engine at full speed for 24 hours.

If the ship has partially enclosed lifeboats, their davits shall be equipped with a top with at least two life pendants attached to it.

The lifeboat's buoyancy is provided by air boxes - sealed compartments filled with air or foam, the volume of which is determined taking into account that the heads of the people sitting in the boat are above the surface of the water, even if the boat is completely flooded.

Information about the capacity of the boat, as well as its main dimensions, are applied on its sides in the bow with indelible paint, the name of the vessel, the port of registration (in Latin letters) and the ship's number of the boat are also indicated there. The marking by which it is possible to identify the vessel to which the boat belongs and its number must be visible from above.

Around the perimeter of the boat, under the fender bar and on the deck, strips of reflective material are glued. In the bow and stern parts, crosses made of reflective material are applied on the upper part of the closure.

Figure: Lifeboat marking

An electric light is installed inside the boat. Battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours. A signal lamp with a manual switch is installed on the upper part of the closure, giving a constant or flashing (50-70 flashes per minute) white light. Battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

The lifeboats for oil tankers are fire retardant, equipped with an irrigation system that allows passage through continuously burning oil for 8 minutes, and compressed air, ensuring the safety of people and the operation of engines for 10 minutes. The hulls of the boats are made of double, they must be of high strength, the wheelhouse must provide all-round visibility, the windows are made of fire-resistant glass.

To ensure the use of the boat by unqualified people (for example, passengers), instructions for starting and operating the engine must be provided in a clearly visible place near the engine controls, and the controls must be marked accordingly.

Weeklyall lifeboats and rafts, rescue boats and launching appliances are visually inspected to ensure they are always ready for use. All lifeboats and rescue boats must run for at least 3 minutes. Lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, must be removed from their positions. The results of the check are recorded in the ship's log.

Monthlyall lifeboats, with the exception of free-fall boats, are thrown out of their place of installation without people in the boat. A supply check is carried out to ensure that they are complete and in good condition.

Each lifeboat, with the exception of free-fall boats, is lowered and then maneuvered in the water with a designated control team at least once every 3 months.

Launching the boat.Boats launched by mechanical means are installed horizontally on both sides of the vessel. A davit is a device designed for storing a lifeboat, which has beams tilting overboard, used for lowering and lifting the boat.

Figure: Securing the lifeboat on board the ship

In the stowed position, the boats are installed on davits, for this there are one-sided keel blocks on the latter, on which the boat rests. For a more snug fit of the boat to the keel blocks, the latter are equipped with a felt cushion covered with canvas. The boat is fixed with lashings with a verb-hook, which must be given before launching.

Before launching the boat, you must first:

Deliver to the boat the equipment and supplies necessary for survival after the abandonment of the vessel: a portable VHF radio station and a transponder radar beacon, warm clothes, an additional supply of food and water, an additional supply of pyrotechnic signaling devices;

Remove the railing of the landing deck; prepare a ladder; give lashings; release the davits stopper.

The lifeboat must be equipped drain valve,which is installed in the lower part of the bottom of the boat for launching water. The valve automatically opens when the boat is out of the water and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. When preparing the boat for launching, the valve must be closed with a cap or plug.

The dumping of the lifeboat occurs only under the influence of gravity and is carried out with the help of boat hoists. Before the start of the descent, they release the stopper on the davits and smoothly release the hoist lappet, for which the boat winch brake is gradually released. Uniform etching of the bow and stern hoists is achieved by the fact that both lappers are fixed on the drum of one boat winch. After the davit reaches its limit position, the vertical lowering of the boat into the water begins.

Lopari - steel cables attached to the boat at its extremities and led to the winch, designed for lowering and lifting the boat. Lopari should be periodically tied

In order to exclude the possibility of lowering the boat until it is completely dumped overboard, there is a horn on the davit, on which an earring of the movable block of slots is hung. The length and shape of the horn is chosen in such a way that the movable block falls off it only at the lower limit position of the davit.

The launching of the lifeboat on hoists can be controlled both from the deck of the vessel and from the boat. This makes it possible, in favorable weather conditions, not to leave the descent support team on board.

Figure: Launching the lifeboat Fig. Boat winch

After launching the boat into the water, lay out the lower blocks of the sloptals. It is very important, especially in the excitement, to lay out both blocks at the same time. For this, the boats have folding hooks with a common drive. In this case, the simultaneous recoil of both hooks is carried out by turning the drive handle.

People boarding is carried out by storm ladders. On the move and on excitement, boats are usually lowered with people. In this case, people are embarked either in a boat mounted on keelblocks, or after the boat has been lowered to the deck level from which it is most convenient to land.

Figure: Embarkation of the crew and lowering the lifeboat

Each boat in the area of \u200b\u200bits installation has a landing ladder, the bowstrings of which are made of a Manila cable with a thickness of at least 65 mm, and the balusters of hard wood with a size of 480x115x25 mm. The upper end of the ladder should be fixed in its proper place (under the boat), and the ladder itself should be rolled up, always ready for use.

After the last person moves from the ship to the boat, the falini are freed (in extreme cases, they are cut with axes located at the ends of the boat), and the boat departs from the ship. It is recommended to keep the falini as they may still be needed.

Supply of boats... Each lifeboat must have equipment in accordance with the requirements of the International Convention SOLAS-74, including:

On rowboats, one floating oar per rower plus two spare and one steering, on motor boats - four oars with oarlocks attached to the hull of the boat with strings (chains); two retaining hooks;

A floating anchor with a cable equal to three lengths of the boat and a guy line attached to the top of the anchor cone; two falins with a length of at least 15 meters;

Two axes, one at each end of the boat, for hacking off the faline when the ship is abandoned;

Food ration and supply of drinking water 3 liters for each; stainless steel ladle with stem and stainless graduated vessel; fishing equipment;

Signaling means: four red parachute rockets, six red hand flares, two smoke bombs, an electric flashlight with a device for signaling by Morse code in a watertight design (with a set of spare batteries and a spare light), one signal mirror - heliograph- with instructions for its use, signal whistle or equivalent signaling device, rescue signal tables;

Searchlight capable of continuous operation for 3 hours;

First aid kit, 6 seasickness tablets and one hygiene bag per person;

A folding knife, pinned to the boat, and three openers;

Manual bilge pump, two buckets and a ladle;

Fire extinguisher for extinguishing burning oil;

A set of spare parts and tools for the engine;

Radar reflector or SART;

Binnacle with compass;

Individual thermal protective equipment in the amount of 10% of the boat's passenger capacity (but not less than two).

Figure: Lifeboat inside

Free fall boats... The hull of the lifeboat has a more robust design and well-streamlined smooth contours to prevent a strong impact when the boat enters the water. Since overloads occur when hitting the water, special chairs are installed in the boat with shock-absorbing pads.

Figure: Free fall boat

Before leaving the boat from the ramp, the crew must securely fasten themselves with seat belts and a special head restraint. Free-fall boats guarantee the safety of people when falling from a height of up to 20 meters.

Free-fall boats are considered to be the most reliable rescue device that ensures the evacuation of people from a sinking vessel in all weather conditions.

Rescue lifeboat. It is a type of lifeboat designed to rescue people from the water (overboard or found at sea) and to collect lifeboats and rafts.

Figure: Rescue lifeboat

The advantage of the rescue boat is the speed and reliability of launching and boarding on the move, with little waves. A powerful stationary or outboard motor allows you to quickly inspect the area of \u200b\u200ba person falling overboard, lift him and deliver him to the ship's side. The rescue boat is capable of performing rescue operations in stormy conditions and with limited visibility. The rescue boats are always ready. The preparation and launching of the boat takes 5 minutes.

The lifeboat provides a place for transporting the rescued person in a recumbent position. The engine power provides a speed of at least 8 knots, and the fuel supply is sufficient for 3 hours of full speed. The propeller is protected to prevent injury to people at sea.

Liferafts

A liferaft is a raft capable of ensuring the survival of people in distress from the moment they leave the ship. Its design must be such as to withstand the influence of the environment afloat for at least 30 days under any hydrometeorological conditions.

Figure: Installation of PSN on board the vessel

The rafts are made with a capacity of at least 6 and usually up to 25 people (on passenger ships, rafts with a capacity of up to 150 people can be found). The number of rafts is calculated so that the total capacity of the liferafts on each side is sufficient to accommodate 150% of the total number of people on board.

On ships where the distance from the bow or stern to the nearest raft exceeds 100 m, an additional raft must be installed. At least 2 vests and 2 wetsuits must be kept nearby, and there must also be landing gear on each side (on high-sided vessels - boarding ramps, on low-sided vessels - rescue pendants with musings.

The total mass of the raft, its container and supplies shall not exceed 185 kg, unless the raft is intended to be launched with an approved launching device or when it is not required to be carried from side to side.

According to the method of delivery to the water, liferafts are divided into mechanically launched (with the help of davits) and dropped. Launch rafts are mainly installed on passenger ships, as they board at deck level, which is a great advantage when rescuing passengers who may be in a wide variety of physical and mental states.

The main distribution, due to their compactness, were inflatable rafts (PSN - inflatable life raft).

The main elements of the liferaft are:

Buoyancy chamber (provides flotation of the raft);

The bottom is a waterproof element that provides insulation from cold water;

Awning is a waterproof element that insulates the underfloor space from heat and cold.

Figure: Inflatable life raft

The buoyancy chamber of an inflatable raft consists of at least two independent compartments, so that if one compartment is damaged, the remaining compartments can provide a positive freeboard and keep the regular number of people and supplies afloat. Usually, the compartments are arranged in rings one above the other, which allows not only to provide sufficient buoyancy, but also to preserve the area for accommodating people in case of damage to one compartment.

To ensure the possibility of maintaining the operating pressure in the compartments, valves are installed for manual pumping with a pump or bellows.

The problem of thermal insulation of the under-tent space is usually solved by installing an awning consisting of two layers of waterproof material with an air gap. The outer color of the awning is orange. For the installation of an awning in inflatable rafts, arch-type supports are made, which are inflated automatically together with the buoyancy chamber. The height of the awning is made so that a person can be in a sitting position in any part of the awning space.

The awning should have:

At least one viewing window;

A device for collecting rainwater;

Device for installing a radar reflector or SART;

Stripes of white reflective material.

A signal light is installed on the top of the awning, which automatically turns on when the awning is opened. Battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

An internal light source with a manual switch is installed inside the raft, capable of continuous operation for at least 12 hours.

A lifeline is attached to the outer perimeter of the buoyancy chamber of the raft to help get to the entrance. A lifeline is also installed along the inner perimeter to help people hold on to during a storm.

Life raft entrances are equipped with special devices that help people get out of the water into the raft. At least one of the entrances at the water level must have a landing area. Entrances not equipped with a landing area must have boarding ramps, the bottom step of which is at least 0.4 meters below the waterline.

On the bottom of the inflatable raft, water-filled pockets are installed around the perimeter. They are bags hanging down with holes at the top. The holes are made large enough so that within 25 seconds after the raft is deployed in the water, the pockets are at least 60% full.

Pockets have two functions:

Provide stability, which is especially important during a storm, when the open raft is on the water without people;

An open raft has a very high surface windage compared to the submerged part, which results in strong wind drift. Water-filled pockets significantly reduce wind drift of the raft. To inflate the raft, a non-toxic gas cylinder is attached to its bottom, closed with a special starting valve,which opens by pulling the starting line attached to it. When the start valve is opened, the gas fills the compartments within 1 to 3 minutes.

The starting line has a dual purpose:

Used to open a valve on a gas cylinder;

Used to keep the raft on the water at the side of the vessel.

The length of the launch line is at least 15 meters.

Installation of PSN.On the vessel PSN (inflatable life raft) is stored in a plastic container, consisting of two halves, hermetically connected and fastened with bandage straps.

The strength of the tapes, or links connecting the ends of the tape, is calculated for rupture from the internal gas pressure when the raft is inflated.

The container with the raft is installed on a special frame, pressed against it with lashings inserted onto the recoil device.

Figure: The scheme of attaching the PSN to the vessel: 1 - lashings; 2 - verb-hack; 3 - starting line; 4 - hydrostat; 5 - weak link; 6 - bandage tape

The launching device of liferafts must ensure the safe launching of the raft with a full complement of people and equipment with a roll of up to 20 ° on any side and a differential up to 10 °.

Installation of the raft provides for two methods of release from lashings, manual and automatic.

For manual releasea raft from lashings, it is enough to throw off the fixing link from the verb-hook. There are devices in which the release of the lashings occurs by turning a special handle, as a result, the pins holding the root ends of the lashes are pulled out. Such a device is used when several rafts are placed on one frame one after another. This design provides for both sequential dumping of rafts and dumping of all rafts by turning one handle.

For automatic releasethe raft, when the vessel is submerged under water, the release device turns on hydrostat -a device that releases lashings at a depth of no more than 4 meters.

According to the principle of operation, hydrostats are of the uncoupling type and the cutting type.

IN cutting type hydrostatin the initial state, the spring-loaded knife is held by a locking pin attached to the spring-loaded membrane. The space above the membrane is hermetically sealed, therefore, when immersed in water, the pressure begins to rise only under the membrane. The stiffness of the spring holding the diaphragm is calculated so that, at a depth of 4 meters, external pressure squeezes the diaphragm and releases the knife. The compressed spring of the knife, after being released, is sharply straightened, and the rope loop holding the lashings is cut by the blow of the knife.

Figure: Cutting type hydrostat

Release type hydrostat... The housings of the decoupling type hydrostats are quite diverse, but they all use the mechanical principle of decoupling when a given pressure on the sensing element is reached. The body of this hydrostat is divided by a membrane into two chambers, one of which is sealed, and the other can receive water during immersion.

Figure: Release type hydrostat

The detachable head, to which the lashing is attached, is held from the inside by a locking device mechanically connected to the membrane.

The stiffness of the spring holding the diaphragm is designed so that the water pressure will release the detachable head of the hydrostat, which will free the raft from the lashings.

When the vessel is submerged, the container with the PSN floats, while the launch line is pulled out of the container. The connection of the launch line to the vessel is carried out through weak link.The breaking strength of the weak link is sufficient to pull the start line out of the container and open the start valve. With further tension, the weak link breaks and the raft is released from its attachment to the side of the ship.

There are designs where the weak link is part of the root end of the launch line itself. The weak link is not strong enough to keep the raft close to the side in high wind and sea conditions. Therefore, with manual recoil, the first thing to do before releasing the lashings is to select a small section of the launch line from the container and reliably tie it above the weak link to the ship structure (isolate the weak link). If you do not tie the launch line in the area of \u200b\u200bnormal strength, the raft will be torn off and carried away.

The weak link can be easily distinguished visually: it can be a thinner insert in the starting line or a notch in the line.

Launching the PSN into the water.Boarding into a dumped liferaft is done after it has been deployed in the water, which makes boarding more difficult, but easier and more reliable in storm conditions.

The strength of the dropped raft must be sufficient to withstand being dropped in a container from a height of at least 18 meters and to withstand repeated jumps of people onto it from a height of at least 4.5 meters.

Brief instructions for bringing the raft into working condition and landing in it are applied to the raft container and next to the installation site.

The procedure for launching the PSN into the water and landing in it provides for the following actions:

Free the lashings;

Push the raft overboard. For a high-sided vessel, it is not recommended to drop the raft when heeling more than 15 ° from the side of the side that has emerged from the water. Jumping to the water without touching the side is in this case unlikely, and slipping on the side that has come out of the water, overgrown with shells, can lead to serious injuries;

Pull the launching line out of the container and pull strongly;

Pull the opened raft to the side and fasten the line. If the raft has opened upside down, then on the bottom of the raft there are special straps, by grasping which with your hands and resting your feet on the edge of the bottom, you can turn the raft into a normal position. Since the raft has a large windage, it must be turned so that it is on the leeward side before turning it over. In this case, the wind will help to turn the raft;

Move into the raft, aiming to get into it dry:

You can jump onto the raft from a height of up to 4.5 meters if you are sure that there are no people in it;

You can go down the storm ladder;

You can go down the life-saving pendant with musings;

You can jump into the water next to the raft and then climb into the raft;

Help other survivors get into the raft (use a life ring with a line from emergency supply raft).

After all the survivors are on the raft or in the water, but holding on to the raft's lifeline, it is necessary to move away from the sinking ship to a safe distance, for which it is necessary:

Cut off the starting line. The knife is in a pocket on the awning of the raft at the point where the line is attached;

Choose a floating anchor;

Tighten up water pockets;

Use oars from the emergency supply.

Figure: In a liferaft and on the water

Water pockets create significant resistance to movement. A pin is attached to the bottom of each pocket, secured by the top at the nearest raft entrance. It is necessary to pull the pin, squeeze the water out of the pocket, press the pocket to the bottom and fix the pin in this state.

Being in the immediate vicinity of the vessel is dangerous for the following reasons:

Funnel formation when the vessel is submerged under water;

Possibility of explosion in case of fire;

Emergence from a sinking ship of large floating objects;

Possibility of loading the vessel on board.

After retreating to a safe distance, everyone life-saving appliances it is necessary to unite and hold on to the place where the ship was wrecked. Combining life-saving appliances allows:

Distribute people, water, food, etc. evenly;

More rational use of signaling means;

More rational allocation of human resources for work (watch keeping, fishing, etc.).

The organization of the search and rescue operation will start from the coordinates of the place where the vessel was wrecked, therefore, to reduce wind drift, it is necessary to set floating anchors and lower water pockets.

1.FRP body, non-flammable, durable to withstand:

impact on the side of the vessel at a descent speed of at least 3.5 m / s and dropping into the water from a height of at least 3 m, load without deformation 2 times when it is fully loaded with people and equipment, buoyancy compartments filled with foam with buoyancy 28 kg per person, seats with belts and clearly marked.

2. Elements of the case.

entrance hatches for boarding people, including on stretchers, ventilation heads, portholes (hatches for oars), air pipes of fuel tanks, gas outlet pipe of the battery box, a receiver for connecting a hose from the fire water system of the vessel, kingston hole with a valve.

3. Mechanical installation.

Mechanical installation - diesel "Lister" with reverse-reduction gear 3: 1 36 hp. with., mounted equipment, supporting systems and two couplings (for the shaft line to the propeller and to the water sprinkler pump). The diesel engine is controlled remotely from the helm station. Internal combustion engine 3-cylinder, single row, 4-stroke.

4. ICE systems and boats.

Fuel system - 2 tanks of 130 liters each for 24 hours of operation of the internal combustion engine. Internal combustion engine cooling system - 2-circuit (antifreeze and water). Internal combustion engine gas outlet pipeline - metal hose, muffler, exhaust pipe. Bilge system - hand pump, drain hose, branch pipe and float drain valve. Natural ventilation system

through hatches and ventilation drain valves.

5. Boat device:

lifting and launching device - hooks, their control cables and a device control handle in the steering wheelhouse, steering device - a steering wheel, a column for transferring rotation to a rudder with a nozzle, a mooring and towing device - for a halyard and two tugs (on the bow and stern), a line device - handrails, hanging ladders, handrails, anchor device - a floating anchor with direct and niral.

6. Boat equipment.

1). Electrical equipment - 12 volt network.

a) Sources - generator and storage battery.

b) Consumers - lamps, starter, searchlight.

Note:

A 12 V DC on-board power cable is connected to the boat.

2). Reflectives - stripes of reflective material.

3). Navigation equipment - backlit magnetic compass.

1.4. Closed lifeboat of project 02340. (not tanker).

1. The structure of the boat hull.

1). The outer shell is made of fiberglass, 8 mm thick, the filler (rigid polyurethane foam) and the inner one is 4 mm thick.

2). Two side hatches for embarking / disembarking the crew and passengers and receiving people from the water.

2. Steering wheelhouse:

Swivel chair with seat belts

Diesel control post on the left side (handle: forward - neutral, forward, backward - reverse)

Handwheel for control of a nozzle with a rudder

Hook control handle

Boat Electrical Switch - Left

Magnetic compass

Dashboard of instrumentation and signaling devices of the diesel engine.

3. Steering hatch cover:

Masthead lantern

Spotlight

Hoist remote control cable entry sleeve.

4. The left side of the wheelhouse has a connector for the cable entry, the aft wall of the wheelhouse has a radar reflector bracket.

5. 15 places to accommodate the crew and passengers.

7. The engine compartment and shafting are in the stern of the boat.

8. Manual bilge pump - on the aft wall of the boat.

9. Storage boxes - in the bow of the boat.

10. Side beads for collecting rainwater.

11. On the side walls of the slide, and inside the mechanisms for their recoil (handles).

The lifeboat is the main active collective life-saving device designed to rescue the crew and passengers. On newly built ships, as a rule, lifeboats should be of the self-healing type, fully enclosed and motorized. Their motors must be capable of mechanical and manual starting, run or automatically shut down (and then easily start) upside down. The speed of the boat in calm water with a full complement of people and supplies must be at least 6 knots. For vessels in service, temporary use of non-self-recovering, open and semi-closed lifeboats is allowed. The lifeboats of a cargo ship must ensure the landing of the full number of people in no more than 3 minutes from the moment the landing command is given, as well as the quick disembarkation of people from the boat.
Lifeboats for oil tankers are made fireproof. When the water sprinkling system is working, they withstand the effect of the flame of continuously burning oil for at least 8 minutes when the boat passes the fire zone on the water. These boats are equipped with a compressed air system, which ensures the safety of people and the smooth operation of the engine for at least 10 minutes. In fig. 1 shows the domestic AT-30 tanker boat.

Fig. 1 Tanker boat AT-30:
a) appearance: 1 - strips of reflective material; 2 - crosses made of reflective material; b) irrigation system: 3 - slotted heads; 4 - a system of pipes for irrigation of the boat, 5 - a pallet for collecting the flowing water after irrigation of the boat before launching it into the water, 6 - a folding branch pipe of Kingston; 7 - pump, 8 - three-way valve, 9 - ballast compartment;
10 - capacity between the bottom of the boat and the pallet
The lifeboats are painted orange on the outside. In the bow, on both sides of the boat, inscriptions are made in Latin letters indicating the name of the vessel, the port of registration, the size of the boat and the number of people allowed to be accommodated. Outside the lifeboat, a floating life line is fixed with sags. Reflective strips are glued along the perimeter of the boat under the fender bar and on the closing deck. Fore and aft
parts of the boat on the upper part of the closure are glued with crosses made of reflective material.
The number of lifeboats on board the vessel is determined by the area of \u200b\u200bnavigation, the type of vessel and the number of people on the vessel. Cargo ships of unlimited navigation area have lifeboats providing 200% of the ship's crew (100% from each side). Passenger ships have lifeboats on the basis of providing 100% of passengers and crew (50% from each side).
The location of the lifeboats must ensure its preparation for launching in no more than 5 minutes; landing and descent in 10 minutes on a cargo ship and no more than 30 minutes on a passenger. Signs, signs, symbols that are well visible and in accordance with IMO recommendations should be applied near lifeboats and on escape routes. The gathering place and the landing site must be connected to the command post by two-way loudspeaker communication.
The launching device must ensure the launching of the lifeboat with a roll of 20 and a differential of 10 ° at a vessel speed of up to 5 knots. Provision shall be made for the launching of the lifeboat from the lifeboat, as well as a device for simultaneously releasing the hooks of the davits under load.
The traditional lifeboat launching device is gravity davits. The launch of the lifeboat takes place under the influence of its weight when the brake of the davits is released. When using closed boats, the brake lever is connected through a system of blocks with a cable to the handle inside the boat. The special design of the launching of the release cable from the drum through the brake lever and through the blocks ensures its release synchronously with the release of the davits and the launching of the boat. This allows the speed of descent from the lifeboat to be adjusted.
Lifeboat supply
All lifeboat supplies should be lashed inside the lifeboat, stored in boxes or compartments, mounted on brackets or similar fixtures, or otherwise secured.
However, if the launching of the lifeboat is carried out on hoists, then the lifting hooks should not be secured so that they can be used to push the lifeboat off the side of the vessel. Supplies must be secured so that they do not interfere with abandonment operations. All lifeboat supplies should be as small and light as possible and should be conveniently and compactly packed.
Except where otherwise specified, the normal equipment of each lifeboat should include:

1 with the exception of free-fall boats, there are sufficient floating oars to keep the boat moving in calm water. Each oar must be provided with a cochet-type oarlock, swivel oarlock or other equivalent device. The oarlocks must be fastened to the boat with braids or chains;
.2 two striking hooks;
.3 a floating bucket and two buckets;
.4 life-saving instructions;
.5 illuminated or adequately illuminated compass. In fully enclosed lifeboats, the compass should be permanently mounted at the helm position; on all other lifeboats, the compass must be in the binnacle if weather protection is required and must be properly secured;
.6 a buoyant anchor of sufficient size with a jerk-resistant anchor capable of having a firm grip when wet. The strength of the floating anchor, directing and nyral, if provided, must be sufficient in all sea conditions;
.7 two reliable painters of a length not less than twice the distance from the position of the lifeboat to the waterline at the lightest operating draft, or 15 m, whichever is greater.
In free-fall lifeboats, both painters must be in the bow of the boat, ready for use.
On all other boats, both bows must be ready for use, with one fixed to the release device, and the other firmly attached to or near the stem;
.8 two axes, one at each end of the lifeboat;
.9 watertight receptacles containing a total of 3 liters of fresh water for each person permitted on the lifeboat, of which 1 liter of this rate per person can be replaced by water obtained from a desalination apparatus capable of producing the total fresh water within two days, or 2 liters of this rate per person can be replaced with water obtained from a hand-operated desalination plant capable of producing the same amount of fresh water within two days;
.10 stainless steel ladle with pin;
.11 stainless graduated drinking vessel;
.12 food ration with a caloric value of not less than 10,000 kJ for each person from the number of people allowed to be placed on the lifeboat; the food ration should be in air-tight packaging and kept in a waterproof container;
.13 four parachute rockets;
.14 \u200b\u200bsix hand flares;
.15 two floating smoke bombs;
.16 one waterproof electric torch suitable for Morse signaling, with one spare set of batteries and one spare bulb in a waterproof package;
.17 one daytime signaling mirror with instructions for its use for signaling to ships and aircraft;
.18 one copy of the table of the life-saving signals referred to in regulation V / 16 of the Convention, watertight or watertight;
.19 one whistle or equivalent sound signal;
.20 a first aid kit in a waterproof package that can be closed tightly after opening;
.21 anti-seasickness medication sufficient for at least 48 hours and one hygiene bag for each person;
.22 a folding knife attached to the boat by a string;
.23 three can openers;
.24 two buoyant life rings attached to a buoyant line of at least 30 m in length;
.25 a hand pump of adequate capacity if the boat is not a self-draining type;
.26 one set of fishing tackle;
.27 a sufficient number of tools for making minor adjustments to the engine and related devices;
.28 portable fire extinguisher of an approved type suitable for extinguishing oil fires;
.29 a floodlight with a horizontal and vertical beam sector of at least 6 "and a measured light intensity of 2500 cd, capable of illuminating continuously for at least 3 hours;
.30 an effective radar reflector if no radar transponder is installed in the lifeboat;
.31 thermal protective equipment in an amount sufficient for 10% of the number of persons permitted on a lifeboat or two, whichever is greater.

Tanker lifeboat Drop-type sea lifeboat for 20 persons.
A lifeboat designed to ensure the safety of people on board ships or on platforms. The lifeboat will self-level when completely flooded and loaded.

In the event of shipwreck and disaster, the sea lifeboat becomes the main active means of rescue operations for the crew and the passenger. Modern lifeboats are made from lightweight metal alloys (mainly aluminum) or plastic. On older ships, there are marine lifeboats with wooden and steel hulls. The boats have various levels of capacity, and also differ in the type of control. Until recently, an open rowboat was considered the oldest and most proven life-saving device. These boats are equipped with sealed boxes made of sheet steel, resistant to corrosion, concentrated inside to increase the buoyancy of the boat. Both sides of the open boat are supplied with large stretched ropes, which can be grabbed by a victim who is overboard. Any boat must certainly have certain supplies: tanks with fresh drinking water, food, first aid kit, communication equipment and signaling devices.

Nowadays, marine lifeboats have a modified design. The boats are closed and equipped with a special mechanical drive. As a rule, the housing is made of materials that are resistant to corrosion and fire. Especially popular are metal boats made of lightweight metal alloys. This is due to the relatively low price of the equipment, as well as the simplicity and durability of operation. The widespread use of aluminum boats is also due to their high strength and stability. The second most popular category is plastic lifeboats - monolithic equipment that is not prone to water currents. These boats do not rot and do not need to be painted, since the dye is added directly to the alloy during the manufacture of the hull. Plastic and metal lifeboats are used for vessels of any purpose and type. For ships transporting petroleum products, marine lifeboats are made of materials that are resistant to high temperatures.

The basic requirements for the construction and equipment of lifeboats are set out in the LSA Code (International Life-Saving Appliance Code). The stability and strength of the structure must meet two basic requirements: maintaining integrity during free fall from a height of up to 3 m, and towing at a speed of 5 knots in calm water conditions. Parameter Value Length 5.20 m Width of vessel 2.35 m Height 3.07 m Capacity 20 persons Weight, boat with equipment 3000 kg Davit, with 18 persons 4500 kg Speed, minimum 6 knots Boat structure Fire-resistant fiberglass reinforced polyester (GRP)

A lifeboat is a lifeboat capable of ensuring the survival of people in distress from the moment they leave the vessel. It is this purpose that determines all the requirements for the design and equipment of lifeboats.

According to the method of delivery to the water, lifeboats are divided into mechanically launched and free fall.

The number of lifeboats on board a ship is determined by the navigation area, type, ship and the number of people on board. Cargo ships of an unlimited navigation area are equipped with lifeboats that provide the entire crew from each side (100% + 100% \u003d 200%). Passenger ships are equipped with lifeboats with a capacity of 50% of passengers and crew on each side (50% + 50% \u003d 100%).

Regardless of design differences, all lifeboats must:

• have good stability and buoyancy even when filled with water, high maneuverability
• provide reliable self-recovery on an even keel when capsizing
• have a mechanical engine with remote control from the wheelhouse, ensuring the speed of the boat in calm water with a full complement of people of at least 6 knots and a propeller protected from accidental impacts
• be colored orange

Around the perimeter of the boat, under the fender bar and on the deck, strips of reflective material are glued. In the bow and stern parts, crosses made of reflective material are applied on the upper part of the closure.

Lifeboats for oil tankers are fire-retardant and equipped with the following systems:

• irrigation, providing passage through continuously burning oil for 8 minutes
• compressed air, ensuring the safety of people and the operation of engines for 10 minutes
• hulls of boats are made double, they must have high strength
• the wheelhouse must provide all-round visibility, the windows are made of fire-resistant glass

The lifeboat must be equipped with a compression-ignition internal combustion engine:

• the engine must run for at least 5 minutes from the start in a cold state when the boat is out of the water
• the speed of the boat in calm water with a full complement of people and supplies must be at least 6 knots
• the fuel supply must be sufficient to run the engine at full speed for 24 hours

To ensure that the boat can be used by unskilled people (for example, passengers), instructions for starting and operating the engine must be provided in a clearly visible place near the engine controls, and the controls must be appropriately marked.

If the ship has partially enclosed lifeboats, their davits shall be equipped with a top with at least two life pendants attached to it.
Toprik- a cable stretched between the ends of the davits.
Rescue pendant - vegetable or synthetic rope with musings (knots), used as an emergency means for lowering from the side of the ship into a boat or into the water.

Information about the capacity of the boat, as well as its main dimensions, are applied to its sides in the bow with indelible paint; the name of the vessel, the port of registry (in Latin letters) and the ship's number of the boat are also indicated there. The marking by which it is possible to identify the vessel to which the boat belongs and its number must be visible from above.

The boat must be either self-draining or have a hand pump to remove water.

The lifeboat must be equipped drain valve... A release valve (one or two depending on the size of the boat) is installed at the bottom of the bottom of the boat to release water. The valve automatically opens when the boat is out of the water and automatically closes when the boat is afloat. Typically a float valve performs this task. When storing the lifeboat on board the vessel, the drain valve must be open to allow any water that has entered the boat to drain. When preparing the boat for launching, the valve must be closed with a cap or plug.

Hoist-launched boats are equipped with a release mechanism, which is designed in such a way that both hooks are released simultaneously. In this case, the uncoupling mechanism provides for two methods of decoupling:

• normal - release occurs after launching the boat, when the load on the hooks disappears
• under load - when uncoupling can be performed both on water and on weight in the presence of a load on the hooks.

An electric light is installed inside the boat. Battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

A signal lamp with a manual switch is installed on the upper part of the closure, giving a constant or flashing (50-70 flashes per minute) white light. Battery charge provides operation for at least 12 hours.

Lifeboats with an autonomous air supply system must be arranged so as to ensure normal engine operation for at least 10 minutes with closed entrances and openings. At the same time, the air must remain safe and breathable.

Fire-resistant lifeboats must ensure the safety of people in them for at least 8 minutes, being on the water in the zone of fire covering it from all sides, and the air temperature at the level of the head of a seated person must not exceed 60 ° C. Typically, these boats are equipped with a water spray system to improve fire resistance. Outboard water is used for irrigation. The water intake of the system is located at the bottom of the boat in such a way as to prevent the ingress of flammable liquids from the water surface into the system.

The vertical distance between the floor planking and the inner surface of the cover or tarpaulin extending over 50% of the floor area shall be:

• not less than 1.3 m - for lifeboats with a capacity of 9 people or less
• not less than 1.7 - for lifeboats with a capacity of 24 people or more
• not less than the distance calculated by linear interpolation between 1.3 and 1.7 m - for lifeboats with a capacity of 9 to 24 people.

Lifeboat capacity

Lifeboats with a capacity of more than 150 people are not allowed.

The number of persons permitted to be accommodated on a hoist launched lifeboat must be the lower of the following:

• the number of persons with an average mass of 75 kg who can sit in a normal position without interfering with the operation of the lifeboat propulsion means and the operation of any of its equipment
• the number of seats that can be equipped on banks and seats. Seating areas may overlap provided that there is sufficient legroom and leg rests provided and the vertical distance between the upper and lower seats is at least 350 mm.

Each seating position must be clearly marked in the lifeboat.

Lifeboat access

• Each lifeboat on a passenger ship must be arranged and positioned in such a way that all persons assigned to the lifeboat can quickly board it. It should also be possible to quickly disembark people from the lifeboat.
• Each lifeboat of a cargo ship must be arranged and positioned in such a way that all persons assigned to the lifeboat can board it within no more than 3 minutes from the moment the landing command is given. It should also be possible to quickly disembark people from the lifeboat.
• Lifeboats should have a boarding ramp that allows people in the water to get into the lifeboat and which can be used for any boarding entrance. The bottom step of this ladder must be at least 0.4 m below the waterline of the empty lifeboat.
• The lifeboat must be so arranged that helpless persons can be lifted on board both from the water and on a stretcher.
• All surfaces that people can walk on must have a non-slip coating

More details on the requirements for lifeboats are specified in the International Life-Saving Appliance Code, in chapter IV "Lifeboats and Rafts"